Notebook: Prophylactic TNF blockade uncouples efficacy and toxicity in dual CTLA-4 and PD-1 immunotherapy
Immunotherapy combined with PD-1 and CTLA-4 is effective for renal melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.However, thiscomes at the cost of frequent, serious immune-related adverseevents, necessitating a reduction in the recommended dose ofipilimumab that is given to patients. Immune-related adverse events that result from therapy with checkpoint inhibitors are usually satisfactorily treated by discontinuing theuse of the therapeutic agents and beginning a course of steroids. However, after stopping the use of checkpoint inhibitors, the tumor could not be treated.